IUI: What to Expect from Intrauterine Insemination
IUI is often the first fertility treatment recommended. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of the process, success rates, and what comes next.
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment in which washed sperm is placed directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation. It's less invasive and less expensive than IVF, making it a common first step.
Who Is IUI For?
IUI is often recommended for: single women or same-sex couples using donor sperm, couples with unexplained infertility, mild male-factor infertility, and cervical factor infertility. It's generally not recommended for blocked fallopian tubes or severe male-factor infertility.
The IUI Process
A typical IUI cycle involves: monitoring with ultrasound and blood work, triggering ovulation with an hCG injection (optional), sperm preparation (washing to concentrate motile sperm), and the insemination procedure itself — which takes about 15 minutes and is usually painless.
Success Rates
Success rates vary based on age, diagnosis, and whether fertility medications are used. Generally: under 35 with donor sperm: 15–20% per cycle; 35–40: 10–15% per cycle; over 40: 5–10% per cycle. Most doctors recommend 3–6 cycles before considering IVF.
With or Without Medications
Unmedicated (natural) IUI works with your natural cycle. Medicated IUI uses oral medications (Clomid, Letrozole) or injectable gonadotropins to stimulate the ovaries and produce multiple follicles, improving the chances of success.
After the Procedure
The two-week wait after IUI can be emotionally challenging. Avoid strenuous exercise, stay hydrated, and try to maintain your normal routine. A blood test (beta hCG) 14 days after the procedure will confirm whether implantation occurred.
Cost
Unmedicated IUI typically costs $300–$700 per cycle. Medicated cycles with monitoring can run $1,500–$4,000. Check your insurance coverage — some states mandate fertility coverage.